AG娱乐网

摘要: 清末新政期间，为了给编订和审核新法律提供参考和借镜，同时还出于筹备立宪、推进宪政的需要，清政府自上而下开展了一场声势浩大的包括民事习惯、商事习惯、诉讼事习惯、地方行政习惯等在内的法制习惯调查活动。在调查活动中，中央的宪政编查馆、修订法律馆、地方督抚以及新型法政人才扮演了不同角色，其作用值得肯定。

关键词: 预备立宪 法制习惯调查 宪政编查馆 修订法律馆

全文阅读

清末新政期间，为了给编订和审核新法律提供参考和借镜，同时还出于筹备立宪、推进宪政的需要，清政府自上而下开展了一场声势浩大的包括民事习惯、商事习惯、诉讼事习惯、地方行政习惯等在内的法制习惯调查活动。此项法制习惯调查，构成了清末法制改革的重要内容，亦是传统中国在“西法东渐”的法律近代化过程中，国家政权在立法实践层面重视本土法律资源，并对其进行全面整理、利用的一次努力与尝试。近年来，随着国内外法学界对民国北洋政府时期民事习惯调查报告资料的整理再版以及先行研究的开展，特别是一批清末法制习惯调查报告资料陆续浮出水面以后，清末的法制习惯调查逐渐引起法学界和史学界研究者的兴趣和关注，以清末民事、商事习惯调查为主要内容的法制习惯调查逐渐成为国内学界、特别是法学界研究的热点，相继出现一批从不同角度对清末法制习惯调查进行考订、论述的论著。[①]本文在既有研究基础上，根据中国第一历史档案馆藏的录副奏折、宪政编查馆、修订法律馆等卷宗档案文献，从清末新政尤其是预备立宪的历史脉络中，重新梳理清末法制习惯调查的历史实态，同时结合时人的日记、笔记以及各类公牍文章等史料，探讨新型法政人才在法制习惯调查中扮演的角色与作用，而这些内容，均是以往的研究所尚未重视的。[②]

一

AG娱乐网YIGAIGEJIULV、ZHIDINGXINLVWEIJIBENNEIRONGDEFAZHIGAIGESHIQINGMOXINZHENGDEZHONGYAOYIHUAN，ERZHONGSHIBENTUFALVZIYUAN，JINERKAIZHANFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZESHIQINGMOXINZHENGJINRUYUBEILIXIANJIEDUANHOU，QINGZHENGFUJIANGXIULVZONGZHIYOU“CANZHUOGEGUOFALV，XIXINKAODING”[③]，DIAOZHENGWEI“CANKAOGEGUOCHENGFA，TICHAZHONGGUOLIJIAOMINQING，HUITONGCANZHUO，TUOSHENXIUDING” [④]ZHIHOU，SUOJINXINGFAZHIGAIGEDEZHONGYAONEIRONG，QIZHONG，XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANHEXIUDINGFALVGUANSHIYUXIANZHENGGAIGEYOUQISHIFAZHIGAIGEMIQIEXIANGGUANDEZHONGYAOJIGOU。

GENJUGUANGXUSANSHISINIAN（1908NIAN）QINGZHENGFUBANBUDEXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANNIDINGZHI（JIUNIAN）《ZHUNIANCHOUBEISHIYIQINGDAN》GUIDING，FAZHIGAIGEDETUIXINGJINCHENGYICISHI: XINXINGLVYOUXIUDINGFALVGUAN、FABUZAIDIYINIAN（GUANGXUSANSHISINIAN，1908NIAN）GONGTONGXIUDING，DIERNIAN（GUANGXUSANSHIWUNIAN，1909NIAN）YOUXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANJIAYIHEDING，DISANNIAN（GUANGXUSANSHILIUNIAN，1910NIAN）BANBU，DILIUNIAN（GUANGXUSANSHIJIUNIAN，1913NIAN）SHIXING；MINLV、SHANGLV、XINGSHIMINSHISUSONGLVDENGFADIANYOUXIUDINGFALVGUANCONGDIYINIANQIBIANDING，DISINIAN（GUANGXUSANSHIQINIAN，1911NIAN）YOUXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANHEDING，DILIUNIANBANBU，DIBANIAN（GUANGXUSISHIYINIAN，1915NIAN）SHIXING。[⑤]XUANTONGJIWEIHOU，QINGZHENGFUZAIGEFANGYULUNDEYALIXIA，SUODUANLECHOUBEINIANXIAN，JIANYUMINLVDENGFADIAN“YUXINGLVTONGWEIGUOJIAZHONGYAOZHIFADIAN，SHISIFAYAMENSHENPANYIQIESUSONGZHIGENJU，CIDENGFADIANYIRIBUBAN，JISHENPANTINGYIDENGXUSHE”，YINCIYAOQIUMINLVDENGFADIANYINGTIQIANZHIXUANTONGSANNIAN（1911NIAN）BANBU，XUANTONGSINIAN（1912NIAN）SHIXING。[⑥]YOUCI，MINLVDENGFADIANYUANDING4NIANBIANDING、2NIANHEDINGDE6NIANJIHUAZHOURANSUOJIANZHI4NIAN。

AG娱乐网ZHENGSHICHUYUSHENHEHEBIANDINGXINFALVDEXUYAO，YIJIYUBEILIXIANCHOUBEIGUIHUADEDIAOZHENG，XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANHEXIUDINGFALVGUANJUNZHUYIDAOKAIZHANXIGUANDIAOCHADEBIYAOXINGHEJINPOXING。ZUOWEIFAZHIGAIGEDEYIXIANGZHONGYAOJUCUO，XIGUANDIAOCHABEITISHANGYICHENGBINGXUNSUZAIQUANGUOFANWEINEIZHANKAI。

（一）宪政编查馆之法制习惯调查: 统摄地方司法行政各类习惯

QINGMODEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZUIZAOSHIZAIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANXITONGNEIZHANKAIDE。MUQIANGUONEIWAIXUEZHEPUBIANRENWEI，QINGMOFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZHAOSHIYUGUANGXUSANSHISANNIANJIUYUESHILIURI（1907NIAN10YUE22RI）XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANDACHENZOUQINGYUGESHENGSHELIDIAOCHAJUDEZOUZHE。SHIJISHANGZANSHUHEILONGJIANGXUNFUCHENGDEQUANZAOZAIGUANGXUSANSHISANNIANBAYUEYIRI（1907NIAN9YUE18RI）DEZOUZHEZHONG，JIUYITICHUZAI“GEXINGSHENGJIESHEDIAOCHAJU”DEJIANYI，SHI“DIAOCHAGUONEIXIGUANYIZICAIYONG”WEI“YUBEILIXIANZHIFANGJISHIXINGXIANZHENGZHIXU”DEBAXIANGBANFAZHIYI。[⑦]CHENGDEQUANDEJIANYIZAIMOUZHONGCHENGDUSHANGKESHIWEIGESHENGSHELIDIAOCHAJUDEYIGEDONGYIN。ERXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANZHUDACHENZAIGUANGXUSANSHISANNIANJIUYUESHILIURIDEZOUZHEZHONGDUIGESHENGSHELIDIAOCHAJUDEYIYIZUOLEGENGJUTIDECHANFA，BINGQIEQIANGDIAOXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANZAIGESHENGSHELIDIAOCHAJUZHIMOSHI，NAISHIFANGXIAODEGUOFAZHIJU，YOUXIANLIKEXUN；MINGQUEGESHENGDIAOCHAJUSHIJISHANGGUI“BENSHENGDUFUGUANLIZHUCHI”，SUODEGEXIANGDIAOCHAZILIAO，“CHENGYOUBENSHENGDUFUZISONG”XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUAN；GUIDINGGESHENGSHELIDIAOCHAJUZHIDIAOCHAXIANGMU，YIHUODIAOCHAFANWEI，NAISHIHANGAIDIFANGSIFA、XINGZHENGLIANGDALEI，JUNSHIWEISHIXINGXIANZHENGAGYULEWANG、ZUOZHUNBEI。JUTIERYAN，GESHENGDIAOCHAJUSHEFAZHIKE，QIDIYIGUFUZEDIAOCHAGESHENGMINQINGFENGSU，DIFANGSHENSHIBANSHIXIGUAN，MINSHIXIGUAN，SHANGSHIXIGUANYIJISUSONGSHIXIGUAN；QIDIERGUFUZEDIAOCHAGESHENGDUFUQUANXIANNEIZHIGEXIANGDANXINGFA，YIJIXINGZHENGGUIZHANG；QIDISANGUFUZEDIAOCHAGESHENGXINGZHENGSHANGZHIYANXIJIQILIBI。[⑧]

宪政编查馆奏请各省设立调查局的提议当日即得到清政府的批准，[⑨]从而正式拉开清末法制习惯调查活动的大幕。之后，全国22个行省的调查局陆续在各省城设立，蔚然成风。西英昭、江兆涛根据《政治官报》档案分别整理出16（包括9个时间不确）以及23个调查局的开局时间及各自负责人的情况，[⑩]，并且普遍认为直隶调查局是设立最早的地方调查机构，开办于光绪三十三年十二月，时文中亦有《直隶设立调查局之先声》的报道。[11]然而揆诸原始档案，笔者发现，实际上调查局的数量有24个之多，[12]光绪三十三年十月，吉林调查局即已成立，各局的开局、撤局时间以及负责人的情况也更为复杂，比如江西调查局总办，一般都认为是饶州知府张检担任，实际上由于人事调动真正在主办单位:AG娱乐网

AG娱乐网DAOXUANTONGERNIAN（1910NIAN）SHI，ZUIZAOYIPISHELIDIAOCHAJUDEJILIN、ZHILI、GUANGXI、ANHUIDENGSHENGDEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAYIJIBENWANCHENG。XUANTONGSANNIANSANYUESHIWURI（1911NIAN4YUE13RI），XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANDACHENYIKUANG、DENGRENYI“CAIZHENGZHICHU”、“JIESHENGJINGFEI”WEIYOU，JIANYIJIANGGESHENGDIAOCHAJUCAICHE，JIANGDIAOCHAGESHENGMINQINGFENGSU、FAGUILIBIZHIFAZHISHIYIBINGGUIGESHENGDUFUHUIYITINGCANSHIKEBANLI。[14]GESHENGDIAOCHAJUZUNZHIXIANGJICAICHE，BIAOZHIZHEXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANXITONGXIGUANFAZHIDIAOCHADE“WANMEISHOUGUAN”。

ZONGTIERYAN，GESHENGDIAOCHAJUSHIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANXITONGFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEJUTIZUZHIHEZHIXINGJIGOU，XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANBANBUZHI《GESHENGDIAOCHAJUBANSHIZHANGCHENG》SHIGESHENGDIAOCHAJUKAIZHANFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEGANGLINGXINGWENJIAN。GESHENGZAISHELIDIAOCHAJUJIKAIZHANFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEGUOCHENGZHONGZHUYAOZHUYIYIXIALIANGGEFANGMIANWENTI:

AG娱乐网QIYI，YOUDUFUJIANGBENSHENGDIAOCHAJUKAIBANQINGXINGFENBIESHANGZOUCHAOTINGBINGZISONGXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANBAOBEI。CONGGESHENGDUFUDEZOUZHANGZHONG，AGYULEWANGKEYILEJIEGESHENGDIAOCHAJUDEJUTIKAIBANQINGXING:

AG娱乐网DIAOCHAJUDEMINGCHENG。GESHENGDIAOCHAJUQUANCHENGWEI“MOUMOUQUANSHENGDIAOCHAZONGJU”HUO“MOUDIAOCHAJU”，[15]ZAIWENXIANZHONGAGYULEWANGYICHANGKANDAO“ANHUIXIANZHENGDIAOCHAJU”、“DIANSHENGXIANZHENGDIAOCHAJU”，HUOGENGJIANLVEDE“WANSHENGDIAOCHAJU”ZHILEIDECHENGWEI。DIAOCHAJUDEFANGSHE。GESHENGDUFUYIBANDOUJIANGDIAOCHAJUFUSHEZAIGESHUYAHUODIFANGBANSHIJIGOUNEI，RUGUANGXIDIAOCHAJU、XINJIANGDIAOCHAJU、YUNNANDIAOCHAJUDENG，YISHIBIANYUGUANLI，ERSHIJIESHENGJINGFEI。YEYOUZULINTACHUDE，RUHUNANDIAOCHAJU、JIANGXIDIAOCHAJU。DIAOCHAJUDEJINGFEI。BAOKUOKAIBANJINGFEIHECHANGNIANJINGFEILIANGDALEI。ZHILIDIAOCHAJUYOUSHANHOUJUCHOUBOBING“ZUOZHENGKAIXIAO”DEFANGSHI，JIBENWEIQITAGESHENGSUOCANKAOYUYUANYIN。[16]GESHENGDIAOCHAJUJUNNENGZHUYILINXUANFAZHENGXUEXIAOBIYEDEXINXINGFAZHENGRENCAIDANRENDIAOCHAJUGUANYUAN。ZONGBANFANGMIAN，RUGUIZHOUDIAOCHAJUZONGBANHEGUOCHANG、HUNANDIAOCHAJUZONGBANZHANGQIHOUHESICHUANDIAOCHAJUZONGBANCHENHANDIDENG；BANGBAN、GEKEKEZHANG、GUGUANDENGFANGMIAN，RUSHANXIDIAOCHAJUFAZHIKEKEZHANGZHAOYANWEISHIRIBENFAZHENGDAXUEXUESHENG，FAZHIGUGUGUANLIUFAN、GONGQINGYUNFENBIESHIRIBENFAZHENGDAXUEZHUANKESHENGHEJINSHIGUANFAZHENGBIYESHENG。[17]GUANGDONGDIAOCHAJUCHOUBANYISHIGONGYOU34MINGBANSHIYUAN，QIZHONGFAZHENGBIYESHENGYOU8MING，FENBIEDANRENFAZHIKE、TONGJIKEDEGUYUANHUOSHUJIDENGZHIWU。[18]HUBEIDIAOCHAJU、HENANDIAOCHAJUHAIZHUYIDUIDIAOCHARENYUANDEPEIYANG，FENBIEZAIGESHENGDIFANGZIZHIJUYUFAZHENGXUETANGNEIFUSHEDIAOCHAYUANYANGCHENGHUIYUYANGCHENGBAN。[19]ZHEIXIEJUYOUFAZHENGZHISHIDEXINXINGFAZHENGRENCAIDECANYU，ZAIYIDINGCHENGDUSHANGWEIQINGMOFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAGUIFANHUA、KEXUEHUADESHUNLIKAIZHANDIANDINGLERENLIJICHU，TIGONGLEZHISHIBAOZHANG。

QIER，GESHENGDIAOCHAJUYIXINXINGFAZHENGRENCAIWEIYITUO，YIGEFUTINGZHOUXIANTONGJICHUWEIJUTIZHIXINGJIGOU，JISHIJIANGDIAOCHAJINDUANPAI、JINZHANQINGKUANGXIANGXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANFANKUIHEBAOBEI，YOUXUDIZHANKAIFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHA。DIAOCHACHENGXUZHUYAOYOURUXIASANGEHUANJIE:

AG娱乐网SHOUXIAN，YANJIU、LIJIE《GESHENGDIAOCHAJUBANSHIZHANGCHENG》SUOGUIDINGZHIDIAOCHAXIANGMU。YIWUXINGRANGWEIDAIBIAODEXINXINGFAZHENGRENCAIZAIQIZHONGFAHUILEJIJIDEZUOYONG。WUXINGRANG，ZIZHULIN，JIANGSUWUXIANREN，RIBENFAZHENGDAXUEBIYE，[20]SHIRENBEIYANGGUANBAOZONGJU《BEIYANGFAZHENGXUEBAO》DEZHUBIAN。WUXINGRANGCANYUZHILIDIAOCHAJUFAZHIDIAOCHAYISHI，[21]BIANDUIZHANGCHENGTEBIESHIDIYIGUSUOSHEDIAOCHANEIRONGJINXINGLEFALICHANSHI。TARENWEI，DIYIGUDIAOCHADEZHONGDIANYAOZHUYICONG“ZHENGZHISHANGZHIZUOYONG”YU“FALVSHANGZHIBIAOZHUN”SHUANGCENGHANYISHANGQUFEN“MINQINGFENGSU”YU“MINSHIXIGUAN”DEYITONG。YINMINQINGFENGSUDIAOCHA“BUJINWEIBIANDINGFADIANZHIZILIAO”，TONGSHI“YUXIANZHENGSHANGYOUZHONGZHONGGUANXI”，TACONGFALVYIYISHANGLIDINGLE“MINQINGFENGSU”DEJUTIFANWEI，JI“HUNYINSANGCHA”HE“KAOYU”LIANGDALEI，“JIURIZHISHUSUOZAIZHIMINQINGFENGSU”ZEBUZAIDIAOCHAFANWEINEI。[22]WUXINGRANGTONGSHIHAIYI《BEIYANGFAZHENGXUEBAO》WEIMEIJIE，XIANGJIFABIAOYIXILIECHANGYANLIXIAN、FAZHIZHUZHANGDEWENZHANG，RU《ZIZHISHISHENZHUYI》（1908NIANDI87QI）、《LUNJIYIDINGXINGZHENGSUSONGFA》（1909NIANDI95QI）、《DIAOCHAXINGZHENGYILUN》（1909NIANDI100QI）、《YUBEILIXIANZHINANYI》（1909NIANDI104QI）DENG，WEIXUANCHUANLIXIAN、FAZHIBUYIYULI。

AG娱乐网2、ZHIDINGBENSHENGDIAOCHAJUBANSHIZHANGCHENG（XIZE），BINGBAOQINGXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANSHENHE。GESHENGDIAOCHAJUBANSHIZHANGCHENG（XIZE）SHIKAIZHANGAISHENGFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEXINGDONGZHUNSHENG，SHOUGESHENGDUIZONGGANGLINGBENSHENDEFALIJIEDU、NIDINGZHEDESHUIPINGYIJISHIJIFAZHI、XINGZHENGZHUANGKUANGDENGYINSUDEYINGXIANG，GESHENGDIAOCHAJUZAIGUIDINGJUTIDEDIAOCHAXIANGMU、DIAOCHAXINGSHISHI，TIXIANCHUFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZAIGESHENGSHIJIYUNZUODECHAYI。JIUDIAOCHAXIANGMUERYAN，GEDIAOCHAJUYIBANDOUANZHAOSANGUDIAOCHASHIXIANGNIDING8LEIXIMU，GUANGDONGDIAOCHAJUZEJINYIBUJIANG“MINQING”、“FENGSU”、“MINSHIXIGUAN”、“SHANGSHIXIGUAN”FENBIEDIAOCHA，BINGYUXIANGGUANBUMENFENLIQUANXIAN，DUIYANFA、CAIZHENG、JUNZHENGYIJIJUNZHENGLIBAQIDENGBANLIZHUANXIANGDIAOCHA。[23]XINGWENDIAOCHAYUPAIYUANDIAOCHAXIANGJIEHESHIGESHENGDIAOCHAJUPUBIANCAIYONGDEDIAOCHAXINGSHI，ZHIYUJUTIDIAOCHAZHONGYIHEZHONGXINGSHIWEIZHUDAO，GESHENGYEBUTONGYI。ZILIAOXIANSHI，ZHILIDIAOCHAJU、SHANDONGDIAOCHAJUSHIYIPAIYUANDIAOCHAWEIZHU，[24]GUANGDONGDIAOCHAJUZEYIXINGWENDIAOCHAWEIZHU，YUYOUFUTINGZHOUXIANDIAOCHAHANHUNBUSHIHUOYANDANGBUBAOSHI，CAIHUIZHIJIEPAIYUANDIAOCHA，QIEXIFENWEI“SIJUWEIYUANDIAOCHA”、“GEGUYUANDIAOCHA”HE“TEPAIGANYUANDIAOCHA”SANXIANG。[25]GESHENGDIAOCHAJUDINGDINGDEDIAOCHAFANGSHI，QUEDAZHIXIANGSI，JI: MINQINGFENGSUJIMINSHIXIGUANXIANGMINJIANGECHUSHIDIDIAOCHA；DIFANGSHENSHIXIGUANXIANGGAIDIGUANYASHENMINDIAOCHA；SHANGSHIXIGUANXIANGGESHANGHUIDIAOCHA；SUSONGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAGUANYAJUANZONGBINGFANGWENSUSONGDANGSHIREN；BENSHENGDUFUQUANXIANNEIZHIDANXINGFAJIXINGZHENGGUIZHANGZHIDIAOCHA，HUOZHIJIEPAIYUANCHAOLU、ZHENGLI，HUOYOUGEYAMENJUSUOXUETANGZISONG；BENSHENGXINGZHENGSHANGZHIYANXIJIQILIBIDUODIAOCHADIFANGANJUAN，BINGCANKAOGAIDIGUANSHENYIJIANJITIAOCHEN。FANCIZHONGZHONG，XIANSHICHUGESHENGDIAOCHAGUOCHENGZHONGZHUYICAIQUWENJUAN、ZHENGXUN、SHIDIGUANCHADENGSOUJIXINXIDEFANGFA、JISHUYUZIJUEYISHI，YIJINGCHUJUXIANDAISHEHUIDIAOCHADETEZHENG。

3、ANLEIBIANZUANBENSHENGFAZHIXIGUANBAOGAOSHU，JINGZONGBANSHENHEDINGGAOHOUXIANGCHENGBENSHENGDUFUTONGSHIZISONGXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANJIXIUDINGFALVGUAN。ZHEISHIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANXITONGNEIFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEZUIHOUJIEDUAN，YESHIFANYINGDIAOCHACHENGGONGYUFOUDEGUANJIAN。GESHENGDIAOCHAJUJIANGNIDINGBINGJINGSHENHEQUERENDEGEGUDIAOCHAWENTIBIANCEFENFAGEFUTINGZHOUXIAN，SHIDIDIAOCHAHOUHUODEDEGELEIDAAN，JINGGUOHUIZONG、ZHENGLI，ZUIZHONGBIANZUANCHENGBENSHENGFAZHIXIGUANBAOGAOSHU。YINCIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANXITONGNEIDEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZILIAODAZHIKEYIFENWEILIANGDALEI，YISHIJIEDUANXINGCHENGGUO，JIGESHENGDIAOCHAJUGENJUBENSHENGSHIJIQINGKUANGSUOBIANDINGDEGELEIFAZHIXIGUANWENTISHUHUOQINGCE[26]，MUQIANKEJIANDAODEZHILIDIAOCHAJU《FAZHIKEDIYIGUDIAOCHASHU》[27]，SICHUANDIAOCHAJU《FAZHIKEDIYICIDIAOCHAWENTIQINGCE》[28]，HUBEIDIAOCHAJU《FAZHIKEDIYICIDIAOCHAGEMU》[29]，HUNANDIAOCHAJU《DIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANGELEIWENTI》《HUNANDIAOCHAFUTINGZHOUXIANXINGZHENGSHANGZHIYANXIJILIBIGELEIWENTI》[30]，FENGTIANDIAOCHAJU《XUXINGDIAOCHABENSHENGMINQINGFENGSUTIAOMU》、《XUNIDIAOCHADIFANGSHENSHIBANSHIXIGUANTIAOMU》、《XUNIDIAOCHASUSONGSHIXIGUANTIAOMU》、《XUNIDIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANTIAOMU》、《XUNIDIAOCHASHANGSHIXIGUANTIAOMU》[31]DENGWEICILEIXINGBAOGAOSHU；ERSHIZUIZHONGCHENGGUO，JIDUIDIAOCHAWENTIDAANDEZHENGLIHUIZONG。CILEIBAOGAOSHUYOUCUNZAILIANGZHONGXINGTAI，YIZHONGSHIXIANJIDEJICENGDIAOCHABAOGAO，RU《（HUIZHOUFU）LIUXIANMINQINGFENGSUSHENSHIBANSHIXIGUANBAOGAOCE》[32]、《LONGYOUXIANFAZHIDIAOCHABAOGAOCHUBIAN（MINQINGFENGSU、SHENSHIBANSHIXIGUAN）》[33]、《TENGXIANMINQINGFENGSUBAOGAOSHU》[34]DENG；LINGYILEISHIJINYIBUZHENGLIDESHENGJIDIAOCHABAOGAO，RUGUOJIATUSHUGUANSHOUZANGDE《GUANGXIDIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANBAOGAOSHU、GUANGXISUSONGSHIXIGUANBAOGAOSHU》、《ANHUIXIANZHENGDIAOCHAJUBIANCHENGMINSHIXIGUANDAAN》[35]DENG。

XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANZHANGCHENGDI12TIAOGUIDING“BENGUANDIAOCHAJIBIANDINGZHIJIAN，YINGSUISHIFAKANBAOGAOSHU，HUOYUEKANHUOJIKAN，LINSHIZHUODING”。PENGJIANRENWEI，XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANJIBENSHANGBINGWEIZHANKAICIXIANGGONGZUO。[36]CISHUOQISHIBUQUE。ZHILIDIAOCHAJUDEDIAOCHABAOGAOCHUZHICHENG《ZHILIDIAOCHAJUFAZHIKEDIYIGUDIAOCHASHU》ZHIWAI，JINGWUXINGRANGZHISHOU，DUANXUKANDENGZAI《BEIYANGFAZHENGXUEBAO》SHANGJISHIGONGBU。[37]JUQIBENRENJISHU，ZHILIDIAOCHAJUDEDIAOCHABAOGAOYOUYUKAIFANGJIGEDIXUEXIZIZHI、FALVDERENFAHANSUOQU，YIZHIYIDUCHUXIAN“JUZHONGYINBENBUFU”DEJUMIAN。[38]CONGSHANGSHU《SICHUANGUANBAO》KANZAISICHUANDIAOCHAJUJIEDUANXINGDIAOCHABAOGAOSHUYIJIZHILIDIAOCHAJUDEQINGKUANGLAIKAN，GESHENGDIAOCHAJUDUIDIAOCHABAOGAODEBIANZUAN、ZHIDING、SHANGBAOHEGONGBUZHIJIEFUZE，SHIJISHANGTIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANCHENGDANLECIXIANGGONGZUO。ZHEIYEZAIMOUZHONGCHENGDUSHANGSHUOMINGXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANDEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHABAOGAO，BINGFEIWANQUANBEISHUZHIGAOGE，GEDIAOCHAJUZHIJIANYECUNZAIZHEYIDINGCHENGDUDEZIYUANGONGXIANGHUOYIJIANJIAOHUAN。

（二）修订法律馆之法制习惯调查: 专注民商事习惯

ZAIGESHENGSHELIXIANZHENGDIAOCHAJUJINXINGFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADETONGSHI，XIUDINGFALVGUANXITONGDEXIGUANDIAOCHAYEKAISHIQIDONG。WEIBIANZUANGEXIANGFADIANERJINXINGXIGUANDIAOCHA，SHIXIUDINGFALVGUANDESHOUYAORENWUZHIYI，BEIMINGWENXIERUXIUDINGFALVGUANDACHENSHENJIABENDENGRENYUGUANGXUSANSHISANNIANSHIYUESHISIRI（1907NIAN12YUE18RI）NIDINGDE《XIUDINGFALVGUANBANSHIZHANGCHENG》ZHONG。GAIZHANGCHENGGUIDING，XIUDINGFALVGUANFENSHELIANGKE，QIZHONGDIYIKE“ZHANGGUANYUMINLVSHANGLVZHIDIAOCHAQICAO”，DIERKE“ZHANGGUANYUXINGSHISUSONGLVMINSHISUSONGLVZHIDIAOCHAQICAO”，“GUANZHONGXIUDINGGELV，FANGESHENGXIGUANYOUYINGSHIDIDIAOCHAZHE，DESUISHIPAIYUANQIANWANGXIANGCHA”。[39]SUIZHEXINXINGLV[40]DECHUTAI，XIUDINGFALVGUANDEGONGZUOZHONGXINZHUJIANZHUANDAOBIANZUANMINLV、SHANGLVSHANG，YINCI，XIANGDUIYUXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANFANWU、FUZADEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHANEIRONGERYAN，XIUDINGFALVGUANSUOJINXINGDEXIGUANDIAOCHANEIRONGJIAOWEIJIZHONG，BAOKUOMINSHIXIGUANHESHANGSHIXIGUANLIANGBUFEN。

XIUDINGFALVGUANSHISHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEFANGSHIYEYUXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANBUTONG，ZHUYAOSHIPAIDIAOCHAYUANQIANWANGGEDIJINXINGDIAOCHA。GENJUGUANGXUSANSHISINIANWUYUEERSHIWURI（1908NIAN6YUE23RI）SHENJIABENDENGZOUNIDE《ZIYIDIAOCHAZHANGCHENG》GUIDING，DIAOCHAYUANJIKEYICONGXIUDINGFALVGUANGUANYUANZHONGXUANPAI，YEKEYICONGTONGXIAOFALVRENSHIZHONGLINSHIWEIREN，ERHOUZHEJIBAOKUOCENGZAIBENGUOHUOWAIGUOFAZHENGXUETANGBIYE、XIANCHONGFAZHENGJIAOXIDEXINXINGFAZHENGRENCAI，YEBAOKUOSHUXIXINGLVDEFALVZHUANCAI。ZHANGCHENGTONGSHIDUIDIAOCHAYUANDEZHIZEHEJILVZUOLEGUIDING，YIFANGMIANYOUFALVGUANSHIQICHENGBANSHIJIANZHIFANJIANZHUOJIGONGFEI，LINGYIFANGMIANDUIYUBUCHENGZHIZHIDIAOCHAYUAN，XIUDINGFALVDACHENKESUISHICHEHUAN，YIDUCUDIAOCHAYUANKEJINZHISHOU，ANSHIBAOZHIBAOLIANGWANCHENGDIAOCHARENWU。[41]

XIUDINGFALVGUANSHOUXIANZHESHOUDESHISHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHA。XUANTONGYUANNIAN（1909NIAN）ERYUE，YOUFALVGUANZUANXIUZHURUZHENZHUCHIDEBAOKUOZHILIHEJIANGSU、ANHUI、ZHEJIANG、HUBEI、GUANGDONGDENGDONGNANBUSHENGFENDESHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAHUODONGQIDONG。[42]XIUDINGFALVGUANZHUANMENZHIDING《FALVGUANDIAOCHAGESHENGSHANGXIGUAN（WENTI）TIAOLI》，FENZONGZE、ZUHEJIGONGSI、PIAOJU、GEZHONGYINGYE、CHUANBODENGWUBUFEN，JIUSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHASHIXIANGHEWENTIZUOLEJUTIGUIDING，BAOZHENGLEDIAOCHAHUODONGYOUXU、YOUXIAODIKAIZHAN。[43]

ZHIDEYITIDESHI，CHULEXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANGESHENGDIAOCHAJUDESHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZHIWAI，SUZHOUDENGDISHANGHUIYEXIANYUXIUDINGFALVGUANZIXINGZUZHILEMINJIANXINGZHIDESHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAHUODONG。GUANMINZHIJIANZAIDUIDAISHANGSHIXIGUANYUSHANGSHILIFAZHONGYAOXINGWENTISHANGDEGONGTONGRENSHI，SHIDEXIUDINGFALVGUANDESHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAHENDACHENGDUSHANGYILAIGEDISHANGHUIDEYIJINXING，GEDISHANGHUIYEJIYULEXIANGDANGPEIHE。SUZHOUSHANGWUZONGHUITEBANBU《DINGDINGYANJIUSHANGXIGUANWENTIWUZE》“CHUANZHIGESHANGJIEYANJIU”，BING“FENLEITIAODA，YIBEIFABUXIULVZHIBIANZE”。[44]JINGUANRUCI，SHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHADESHIJIJINZHANBINGBUSHUNSUI。DIAOCHAFANGFABUDANGSHIDAOZHIDIAOCHANANXINGDEYIGEYUANYIN。YOUBAODAOCHENG，ZHURUZHENZAISHANGHAIDIAOCHASHI，DIAOCHAYUANJIXIEDIANZHAONIDINGHAODEXIGUANWENTIJINXINGFAWEN，SHANGRENGENJUZISHENDEGETIJINGYANZUOCHUXIANGDANGRANDEHUIDA，ZHEIZHONGHUDONGDEJIEGUOWANGWANGDAOZHI“FAWENZHEWEIMIANGEMO，ERSHOUWENZHEYISHUSHAOZHIPIANDUICEZHINENGSHI”，DIAOCHAYUANYUSHANGRENZHIJIAN“JIAOXIANGWEIWEI”DEXIANXIANGSHIYOUFASHENG。[45]DANGENGZHONGYAOYUANYINZAIYUFALVGUANNIDINGDEXIGUANWENTITIAOLIBENSHEN。GAIWENTITIAOLIXIYIRIBENSHANGFADIANWEIMOBEN，CONGPIANZHANGTILINAIZHITIAOWENYONGYU，WUBUDALIANGYIZHIRIBENSHANGFADIANDEXINSHIFALVCIHUI，FANERHULVELEBENTUSHANGSHIXIGUANDETESHUXINGWENTI，DADAYINGXIANGLEBENTUSHANGSHIXIGUANDEZHENSHICHENGXIAN。DUICIXIANXIANG，HANGZHOUSHANGWUZONGHUIBUWUBAOYUANDICHENG，“WENFAQUANXIDONGYANGMINGCI，JIEQUAOYA，WENLIFUZA，FEIDANSHANGZHONGSHIJIUFEIJIE，JIWEIXIFAZHENGZHEYINANZHOURANSUOJIE”。[46]SUZHOUYEBULIWAI，ZAIXIUDINGFALVGUANFACHUDIAOCHAWENJUANHOUDELIUQIGEYUEJIAN，GESHANGHUI“DAFUZHEJINYIERQI”，JUCHENG，DUIFALVMINGCI“WEIYILEJIE”SHIZAOCHENGTUOYANDEZHUYAOLIYOU。[47]

AG娱乐网ZHURUZHENZHUCHIDESHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHALISHIBANNIAN，“BOFANGZHOUZI，JIUQILIBING，KAOCHASUODE，DUOZHISHUSHIWANYAN”，JIANYUCI，SHENJIABENLEGUANDIRENWEI，“YUGESHENGSHANGQINGJUZHIQIYAO。”[48]

AG娱乐网ZAIJILEILESHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAJINGYANDEJICHUSHANG，CHIZHIXUANTONGERNIAN（1910NIAN）ZHENGYUESHI，YIXIUDINGFALVGUANNIDINGZHI《DIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANZHANGCHENG》（10TIAO）HE《DIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANWENTI》（217TIAO）WEIZHIDAOHEGUIFANDEMINSHIDIAOCHAZAIQUANGUOFANWEIZHANKAI，TONGSHIDUIMOUXIEDIFANGSHANGSHIXIGUANJINXINGBUCHONGDIAOCHA。ZAICHAOYEYAOQIUSUODUANYUBEILIXIANCHOUBEINIANXIANDELANGCHAOSHENGZHONG，WEIPEIHEMINLV、SHANGLVZAIXUANTONGSANNIANBANXINGDEJIHUA，XIUDINGFALVGUANDEMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHABEIYAOQIUZAIDANGNIAN（1910NIAN）BAYUEDIQIANJIJIANGDIAOCHAJIEGUOSHANGBAO。[49]MIANDUIDIAOCHARENWUSHIFANRENZHONG、SHIJIANJINPODEYALI，XIUDINGFALVGUANYUFUYOUXIEZHUXIUDINGFALVGUANDIAOCHAYUANJINXINGDIAOCHAZHIZEDEGESHENGDIAOCHAJUDEYILAIGUANXIGENGJIAMINGXIAN。[50]YIFANGMIANXIUDINGFALVGUANDIAOCHAYUANDAODADIFANGKAIZHANMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHASHIDUOYILAIGAIDIDIAOCHAJUERCHENGSHI。RUJIANGNINGDIAOCHAJUXIEZHUXIUDINGFALVGUANJIANGQIDIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANWENTIFENFAZHOUXIANDIAOCHA，BINGTEBIESHUOMINGYUBENJUZUNZHAOXIANZHENGGUANBIANDINGZHIWENTIXISHULIANGSHI，YAOQIUBUNENGHUNWEIYITAN；[51]SHANXI、GUANGDONGLIANGSHENGZENGBUBIANDINGDE《MINSHIXIGUANSHANGZHONGXIASANBIAN》22CE、《MINSHIXIGUANDISANCIBAOGAOSHU》ERHAN30BEN，GANSUYUQICHENGJIAODE《MINSHIXIGUANDAFUCE》1BEN，DOUSHIZAIBENDIDIAOCHAJUDEXIEZHUXIAWANCHENGDE。[52]LINGYIFANGMIANYOUDEDIAOCHAJUZAIBENDIMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZHONGHAIYIDUFAHUILEZHUDAOZUOYONG。RUJIANGSUSHANGBAOXIUDINGFALVGUANDEDIERPISUOSHUZHANGZHOU、YUANHEDENG10ZHOUXIANMINSHIXIGUANQINGCEGONGJI22BENWANQUANSHIJIANGSUDIAOCHAJUDEDIAOCHACAILIAO；[53]SICHUANGENJUBENSHENGDIAOCHAJUNIDINGDESHANGSHIXIGUANWENTI，CANGCUWANCHENGCHUANSHENGMINSHIJISHANGSHIXIGUANDIYICIBAOGAOSHU，YIHUANJIEZHONGYANGZHENGFUYIZAICUIJIAODEYALI。[54] FANCIZHONGZHONG，JIXIANSHICHUQINGMOMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZAIXIUDINGFALVGUANYUXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANSHUANGXITONGNEICONG“BINGXING”DAO“HELIU”DEFAZHANGUIJI，[55]YEZAIYIDINGCHENGDUSHANGFANYINGLEXIUDINGFALVGUANZAIGUONEIZHENGJUDONGDANG、ZHENGFUCAIZHENGJIEJUJIGUANYUANRENLIBUZUDEQINGKUANGXIAJINXINGMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHASHIDECANGCUHEYINGFU。

GUOJIATUSHUGUANGUJIGUANBAOCUNYOULIANGBENSHANGWEIZHENGLIWANBIDEDIAOCHABAOGAOSHUSHOUCHAOGAOBEN，YIBENTIWEI《DIAOCHAJIANGSUMINSHIXIGUANBAOGAOSHU》，19YE，ZHUGEZHIZHANG，BANXINXIAZHUAN“FALVGUAN”；LINGYIBENTIWEI《DIAOCHAHUBEIMINSHIXIGUANBAOGAO》，11YE，ZHUSILANZHIZHANG。LIANGZHONGBAOGAOSHUXINGTAISHIFENJIEJIN，JUNSHIDUIXIUDINGFALVGUANMINSHIXIGUAN“ZONGZE”BIANGEZHONGWENTIDAANDEHUIZONG，DANBUXIANGLIEWENTI，JINLIE“WENTIYI”，HUO“WENTIYIZHIQI”DENG，DAANHUOZHIJIECHAOLU，HUOSHIZHANYE。TONGSHI，《DIAOCHAJIANGSUMINSHIXIGUANBAOGAOSHU》YOUSHANGAI“HUBEI”WEI“JIANGSU”DEHENJI，NEIRONGDAODISANBIAN“ZHAIQUAN”DIYIZHANG“QIYUE”BUFENJIESHU。《DIAOCHAHUBEIMINSHIXIGUANBAOGAO》SHOUYEWENTIDAANCHENG“HUBEISENGNIJIAOSHAO，YUJIANGSUDENGSHENGBUTONG”，NEIRONGDAODIERBIAN“WUQUAN”DISANZHANG“DISHANGQUANGUANXI”WENTIYIJIESHU。ZHEILIANGBENDIAOCHABAOGAOSHUJUNMEIYOUBIAOZHUSHIJIAN，YEMEIYOU《FANLI》、《LIYAN》ZHILEIDEBIANJISHUOMING，DANCONGNEIRONGYIJIZHIZHANGSHANGTUICEYINGSHIXIUDINGFALVGUANXITONGDEMINSHIXIGUANDIAOCHABAOGAOSHU，QIEYOUKENENGSHIZUIYUANSHIDEXINGTAI。CONGZHONGAGYULEWANGYIKEKUIJIANXIUDINGFALVGUANZUIHOUCANGCUJINXINGMINSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZHIYIBAN，LINGJINRENWUXIANXIXU。

二

AG娱乐网YISHANG，BIZHEYIYISHOUDANGANZILIAOWEIJICHU，ZAIQINGMOXINZHENGDELISHIMAILUOZHONG，DAZHISHULILEXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANHEXIUDINGFALVGUANSHUANGXITONGFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEYUNZUOMOSHI。GAIERYANZHI，CONGDIAOCHADENEIRONGSHANGKAN，XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANHEXIUDINGFALVGUANDEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAGONGTONGGOUCHENGLEQINGMOXINZHENGFAZHIGAIGEDEZHONGYAOYIHUAN，ERZHEJUNWEIQINGMOXINZHENGGAIGEYIJIYUBEILIXIANAGYULEWANG，ZHISHIHOUZHEDEXIGUANDIAOCHAJIZHONGZAIMINSHI、SHANGSHINEIRONGSHANG，SHIYIAGYULEWANGYUMINSHANGFADIANBIANZUANSHIYEWEIMUDE，YI“QIUZUISHIYUZHONGGUOMINQINGZHIFAZE”[56]WEIMUBIAO；ERQIANZHEZUOWEIQINGZHENGFU“XIANZHENGZHISHUNIU”ZUZHIDEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHA，ZESHIZAIGENGGUANGFANDEYIYISHANGCHUYUCHOUBEILIXIANYIJIXIUDINGFALVZHIZILIAOSHOUJI、BIANZHIYUTONGJIDEXUYAO，SHIWEILIXIANZHUNBEIGONGZUODEDAJUAGYULEWANG，YINCIQIDIAOCHANEIRONG，CHULEZAIMINSHI、SHANGSHIXIGUANBUFENYUXIUDINGFALVGUANZHONGDIEWAI，HAIBAOKUOMINQINGFENGSU、DIFANGSHENSHIBANSHIXIGUAN、SUSONGSHIXIGUAN、DIFANGFAGUI、GUIZHANGJIXINGZHENGGUANLI。CONGDIAOCHADESHIJIANSHANGKAN，SHIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANYISHELIGESHENGDIAOCHAJUWEIYITUOSHOUXIANFAQILEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHA，ZAIHENAN、FUJIANDIAOCHAJUZUIWANSHELIDEXUANTONGYUANNIAN（1909NIAN），XIUDINGFALVGUANDESHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHACAIKAISHIQIDONG，BINGWEIPEIHEYUBEILIXIANSUODUANSHIXIANHOUDESHIJIANJINDU，XUANTONGERNIAN（1910NIAN）MINSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAKAIZHANBUDAOSHUYUEBIANCANGCUWANCHENG。CONGDIAOCHADEZUZHIGUANLISHANGKAN，XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANSHELIGESHENGDIAOCHAJUYUXIUDINGFALVGUANPAICHUDIAOCHAYUANZHEILIANGZHONGMOSHIZHIJIAN，BIAOMIANSHANGKAN“QUEFAXIEDIAOYIZHI，GEZIWEIZHEN”，[57]DANSHIJISHANGERZHEZAIMINSHI、SHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHABUFENJIBENCUNZAIZHEGONGTONGZHIXINGNAIZHIWEITUOZHIXINGDEQINGKUANG，TEBIESHIWEIPEIHETIQIANBANXINGMINLV、SHANGLVDESHIJIANJINDU，XIUDINGFALVGUANDEDIAOCHAYUANYUGESHENGDIAOCHAJUZHIJIAN“SHANGTONGDIAOCHA”DEHEZUOGUANXIGENGJIAMIQIE，JIBIMIANLECAILI、ZIYUANDELANGFEI，TIXIANLE“ZHIJIANERYUFAN”、“SHIBANERGONGBEI”DEZHANGCHENGJINGSHEN，[58]YOUQIHELEXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANYUXIUDINGFALVGUANYIDINGCHENGDUSHANG“TONGZHI”DENEIZAILILU。[59]

RURUOKAOCHAQINGMOFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZHIYUQINGMOXINZHENGFAZHIGAIGEZHIYINGXIANG，XUCONGLIANGFANGMIANFENXI。YIFANGMIAN，BIXUCHENGREN，QINGMODEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAWEINENGDUIGEFADIANDEBIANZUANCHANSHENGZHIJIEYINGXIANG。SHOUSUODUANLIXIANQIXIANDEYINGXIANG，GESHENGFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAYOUQISHIXIUDINGFALVGUANDEMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZAISHIJIANJINDUANPAIHEDUIDIAOCHAJIEGUODEZHENGLIHUANJIEFANGMIANDOUXIANDEGUOYUCANGCUHECAOLV，DABUFENSHENGDEXIGUANDIAOCHABAOGAOMEIYOUANSHISHANGJIAO，QINGZHENGFUZAISHANGWEIDUIGEDIXIGUANJINXINGZHENGLI、XISHOU、LIYONGZHISHI，BIANJIANGMINFADENGCAOANCANGCUCHUTAI，YIYINGDUISHIJU。CIWAI，QINGZHENGFUKAIZHANFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEZHUGUANTIAOJIANYESHANGBUCHENGSHU。QINGMOFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADENEIRONGSHIBENTUDE，DANQI“DIAOCHA”GAINIAN[60]、DIAOCHALINIAN、DIAOCHAFANGSHI、DIAOCHAWENTIDENGDOUSHIXUEZIXIFANG，FANGZHAORI、DE，SHENZHIDUIDAI“XIGUAN”[61]DERENSHI，SHANGZHITONGZHIZHE、LIFAZHE，XIAZHICANYUDIAOCHADEXINXINGFAZHENGRENYUAN，JIZHIDIFANGDUFU，DOUBUTONGYI。QINGMOFAZHENGJIAOYUDEBOXING，WEIFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEKAIZHANTIGONGLERENCAIBAOZHANG，DANZHEIXIEXINXINGFAZHENGRENCAICHULEBENSHENSUOJUBEIDEFALV、FAZHENGZHISHIWAI，HAIXUJUBEIBIYAODEXIANDAISHEHUIDIAOCHAFANGFAHETONGJIXUEZHISHI，FANGKEYINGDUIFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZHEIZHONG“TONGJIXINGDIAOCHA”DETIAOZHAN。XIYINGZHAO、ZHANGQIN、MAOLEI、JIANGZHAOTAODENGRENYIJINGZHUYIDAOGESHENGDIAOCHAJUZAISHIJIDIAOCHAGUOCHENGZHONGCUNZAIZHEXIANGHUAGYULEWANGJINGYANHERENCAIDEQINGKUANG，DANZHEIZHONGAGYULEWANGJIZHISHIFOUZAIGESHENGSHIJIDIAOCHAZHONGPUJI，SHIFOUNENGQIESHIJIEJUESHIJIDIAOCHAGUOCHENGZHONGCHUXIANDEWENTI，HAIYOUDAIXIANGGUANYANJIUDEJINYIBUJIESHI。SHIJISHANGGEDIAOCHAJUZHONGDOUYOUYIXIESUOWEI“TONGDAZHILI”ZIGEDEDAOFUGUANLI、RENYUANCHONGCHIQIJIAN、LANYUCHONGSHU。[62]ZHUCHIGUANLIGUANGDONGDIAOCHAJUYOUNIANDELIANGGUANGZONGDUZHANGRENJUN，ZAIDANRENLIANGJIANGZONGDUHOURENGZAIDIANXUNXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUAN《GESHENGDIAOCHAJUZHANGCHENG》ZHONG“ZHANGDIAOCHADUFUQUANXIANNEIZHIDANXINGFAJIXINGZHENGGUIZHANG”YIYUYINGRUHEJIESHI。[63]JIANGNINGDIAOCHAJUKAIBANJINSANNIANHOU，GEZHOUXIANDUIYUDIAOCHASHIXIANGHAIDUOSHUMANGRAN，DAFEISUOWEN。[64]FANCIZHONGZHONG，JUNXIANSHICHUFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHASHIJIZHONGCUNZAIZHENIDINGDIAOCHAWENTITIAOMUYIWEIYIZHIRIBENDENGXIFANGFADIAN，SHIDIDIAOCHAJINGYANQUEFADENGXIANSHIWENTI，JIAZHIQINGZHENGFULIFAZHEZAIBIANZUANFADIANSHIRUHECAINAXIGUANYECUNZAIZHEJISHUSHANGDESHIJIKUNNAN，DENGDENG，ZHISHISUODIAOCHAZHIXIGUANZAIBIANZUANDEMINFAFADIANZHONGWEIYOUMINGXIANHEZHIJIEDETIXIAN，QIARUMINGUOFALVJIAJIANGYONGPIPINGQINGMO《DAQINGMINLVCAOAN》“DUOJISHOUWAIGUOFA，YUBENGUOGUYOUFAYUAN，WEISHENCUOYI”。[65]

AG娱乐网LINGYIFANGMIAN，QINGMOFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHADEJIJIYIYIQUEBUKEHUSHI。SHOUXIAN，ZAIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANHEXIUDINGFALVGUANDEGONGTONGBUXIENULIXIA，QINGMOFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZUIZHONGSHOUHUOLEDALIANGDEXIGUANDIAOCHAZILIAOBAOGAOSHU，JINJIUMINSHI、SHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHABAOGAOZILIAOLUN，JUMINGUOBEIYANGZHENGFUDETONGJI，QINGMODEBAOGAOSHUDA887CE，YUANYUANGAOYUMINGUOSHIQIMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHASHISUODE72CEBAOGAOSHUDESHULIANG，[66]ZHEIHAIBUBAOKUOGEZHONGMINQINGFENGSU、SHENSHIBANSHIXIGUAN、SUSONGSHIXIGUANDENGBAOGAOSHUZAINEI。SUOYICONGDIAOCHAHUODONGBENSHENERYAN，QINGMODEFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHA，KEWEICHENGJIFEIRAN。QICI，CONGFALVCENGMIANSHANGGUANCHA，QINGMOFAZHIXIGUANDIAOCHA，YOUQISHIMINSHI、SHANGSHI、SUSONGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHA，ZAI“XIUMINGFADIAN”FANGMIANSHOUXIAOSHENWEI，DANJIUXIGUANDIAOCHAZHENGTIERLUN，ZAI“ZHENGQIZHENGSU”FANGMIANPOJILEILEXIANGDANGJINGYAN。YOUQISHIDIFANGDUFUGUANLIZHUCHIGESHENGDIAOCHAJUGONGZUO，JIANGMINQINGFENGSU、DIFANGSHENSHIBANSHIXIGUAN、DUFUQUANXIANNEIGEXIANGDANXINGFAGUIJIXINGZHENGGUIZHANG、SHENGXINGZHENGSHANGZHIYANXIJIQILIBIDENGDIAOCHA，SHIWEIGEZITUIXINGDIFANGZIZHIYUNZUODESHIJIANNEIRONG，KEGUANSHANGYOULIYUQINGZHENGFUDUIYUGUOQINGDEZHANGWO，JIWEIGEXINZHENGZHI、GAILIANGXINGZHENG、BIANZHIFAGUIYIJITUIJINXIANZHENGDENGTIGONGLEYOUJIAZHIDEZHONGYAOCANKAO，YICHENGWEIKAOCHABINGTISHENGDIFANGZIZHINENGLIDEYIZHONGYOUXIAOFANGSHI。ZUIHOU，QINGMOMINSHISHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAYUNDONGDEZHANKAI，DUICUJINZHENGFUCAIJI、RENZHIBENTUFALVZIYUANYEQIDAOLEYIDINGDEJIJIZUOYONG。《DAQINGMINLVCAOAN》DI1TIAOMINGWENGUIDING: “MINSHIBENLVSUOWEIGUIDINGZHE，YIXIGUANFA；WUXIGUANFAZHE，YIFALI。”[67]QIDUIXIGUANDIWEIDEGUIDINGYEBEIMINGUOZHENGFUZHIDINGDEXIANDAIYIYISHANGDEMINFADIANSUOJICHENG。[68]LIFAZHEZAILIFALINIAN、LIFAFANGZHENSHANGDUIXIGUANDEZHONGSHI，JIAOZHILIFASHIJIANHUOLIFASHISHIFANGMIANSUOJUYOUDELISHIYIYI，SIHUYAOGENGWEISHENYUAN。

ZUOZHEJIANJIE: QIUZHIHONG，ZHONGGUOSHEHUIKEXUEYUANJINDAISHIYANJIUSUOFUYANJIUYUAN，BOSHI。BEIJING 100006

[①]RIBENXUEJIEYIZHONGCUNZHEFU、DAOTIANZHENGLANG、ZIHEXIUSAN、XIYINGZHAODENGRENDEYANJIUWEIDAIBIAO，GUONEIXUEJIEYIHUXUSHENG、SUIHONGMING、JIANGZHAOTAO、LIUGUANGAN、YUJIANGDENGWEIDAIBIAO。

[②] CHENGLIAOYUAN《QINGMOFAZHENGRENDESHIJIE》YISHUZHONGYOUYIXIAOJIEDENEIRONGSHEJI“FAZHENGRENCANYUDIAOCHAJU”WENTI，XIWEISHENRUZHANKAI。CANJIANCHENGLIAOYUAN《QINGMOFAZHENGRENDESHIJIE》，BEIJING: FALVCHUBANSHE，2003NIAN，DI256-257YE。

[③]“GUANGXUERSHIBANIANSIYUECHULIURINEIGEFENGSHANGYU”，ZHONGGUODIYILISHIDANGANGUANBIAN: 《GUANGXUXUANTONGLIANGCHAOSHANGYUDANG》DI28CE，GUILIN: GUANGXISHIFANDAXUECHUBANSHE，1996NIAN，DI95YE。

AG娱乐网[④]“GUANGXUSANSHISANNIANJIUYUECHUWURIQINGZHENGFUYULINGXIULVDACHENSHENJIABENDENGREN”，《QINGSHILU·DEZONGSHILU》DI59CE，BEIJING: ZHONGHUASHUJU，1987NIAN，DI661YE。

AG娱乐网[⑤]《XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANZIZHENGYUANHUIZOUXIANFADAGANGJIYIYUANFAXUANJUFAYAOLINGJIZHUNIANCHOUBEISHIYIZHE（FUQINGDAN）》，GUGONGBOWUYUANMINGQINGDANGANBUBIAN: 《QINGMOCHOUBEILIXIANDANGANSHILIAO》SHANGCE，BEIJING: ZHONGHUASHUJU，1979NIAN，DI61-67YE。

AG娱乐网[⑥] 《CHENGZUNNIXIUZHENGZHUNIANCHOUBEISHIYIQINGDANJIAJUANYU》，ZHONGGUODIYILISHIDANGANGUANZANGGONGZHONGZHUPIZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-02-0112-009；《CHENGZUNNIXIUZHENGYIYUANWEIKAIYIQIANZHUNIANCHOUBEISHIYIQINGDAN》，GONGZHONGZHUPIZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-02-0112-010。

[⑦]《ZANSHUHEILONGJIANGXUNFUCHENGDEQUANZOUCHENYUBEILIXIANZHIFANGJISHIXINGXIANZHENGZHIXUBANFABATIAOZHE》，《QINGMOCHOUBEILIXIANDANGANSHILIAO》SHANGCE，DI255-256YE。

[⑧]《XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANZOUQINGCHILINGGESHENGSHELIDIAOCHAJUBINGNICHENGBANSHIZHANGCHENGZHE（FUPIANBINGQINGDAN）》，《DONGFANGZAZHI》1908NIANDI5JUANDI1QI。

AG娱乐网[⑨]《LINGGESHENGSHELIDIAOCHAJUGEBUYUANSHETONGJICHUYU》，《QINGMOCHOUBEILIXIANDANGANSHILIAO》SHANGCE，DI52-53YE。

[⑩] XIYINGZHAO: 《QINGMO·MINGUOSHIQIDEXIGUANDIAOCHAHE<MINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHABAOGAOLU>》，ZHONGGUOFALVSHIXUEHUIBIAN: 《ZHONGGUOWENHUAYUFAZHI》，BEIJING: SHEHUIKEXUEWENXIANCHUBANSHE，2007NIAN，DI392-393YE；JIANGZHAOTAO: 《XIGUANDIAOCHAYUWANQINGFAZHIGAIGE》，ZAILIUGUANGAN《WANQINGFAZHIGAIGEDEGUILVXINGTANSUO》，BEIJING: ZHONGGUOZHENGFADAXUECHUBANSHE，2013NIAN，DI284-285YE。

[11]《ZHILISHELIDIAOCHAJUZHIXIANSHENG》，《GUANGDONGDIFANGZIZHIYANJIULU》1908NIANDI1QI。

AG娱乐网[12] GUANYUJIANGSUSHENGSHELIDIAOCHAJUDEQINGKUANGBIJIAOFUZA，MUQIANKEZHIFENSHEYOUJIANGNINGDIAOCHAJUYUJIANGSUDIAOCHAJULIANGGEDIAOCHAJU。ZHONGGUODIYILISHIDANGANGUANXIUDINGFALVGUANJUANZONGZHONGSHOUYOUYIFEN《JIANGSUSHENGSUSHUDIAOCHAJUCHENGSONGDIERPIMINSHIXIGUANQINGCE》（DANGHAO10-00-00-0018-052），QIYINJIANWEI“JIANGSUDIAOCHAJUMUGUANFANG”，ERZAI《SHENBAO》ZHONGBIZHEYOUKANDAOYOU“NINGYUANDIAOCHAJU”DECHENGWEI，ZHEIYINGYUQINGDAIJIANGSUSHENGFENWEISU、NINGERSHU，LIANGJIANGZONGDUZHUJIANGNING（NANJING），JIANGSUXUNFUZHUSUZHOUDEJIANZHIYANGEYOUGUAN。TONGSHI《DONGFANGZAZHI》1908NIANDI5JUANDI9QISHANGKANZAIYOU《JIANGNANDIAOCHAZONGJUBANSHIXIZE》YIWEN，BIZHEFANYUE《SHENBAO》SHIYILINGXINGKANDAOYOUGUAN“JIANGNANDIAOCHAJU”DEBAODAO，DANXIANYUZILIAO，SHANGWUFALEJIEJIANGNANDIAOCHAJUDEXIANGXIQINGKUANG。

[13] 《ZOUWEICHENMINGCAICHEJISHENGYUANSHEDIAOCHAJUQINGXINGSHI》，ZHONGGUODIYILISHIDANGANGUANZANGLUFUZOUZHE，DANGHAO03-7440-067；《ZOUWEIZUNSHEDIAOCHAJUBINGPAICHONGRAOZHOUZHIFUZHANGJIANZONGBANSHI》，LUFUZOUZHE，DANGHAO03-5621-026；《ZOUWEIWEIPAIJIANGFENGQINGCHONGDANGJIANGXIDIAOCHAJUZONGBANSHI》，GONGZHONGZHUPIZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-12-0679-019。

[14]《ZOUWEIBIANTONGGESHENGDIAOCHAJUBANFAYIJIEJINGFEIERBITONGJISHI》，LUFUZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-01-1111-053。

[15]《ZOUWEIZUNSHEDIAOCHAJUBANLIQINGXINGSHI》，GONGZHONGZHUPIZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-01-1095-049；“JIANGSUDIAOCHAJUMUGUANFANG”YIN，《JIANGSUSHENGSUSHUDIAOCHAJUCHENGSONGDIERPIMINSHIXIGUANQINGCE》，ZHONGGUODIYILISHIDANGANGUANZANGXIUDINGFALVGUAN，DANGHAO10-00-00-0018-052。

AG娱乐网[16]《ZOUWEIZUNZHISHELIGUANGDONGDIAOCHAJUQINGXINGSHI》，GONGZHONGZHUPIZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-02-0110-015；《ZOUWEIZUNSHEDIAOCHAJUBANLIQINGXINGSHI》，GONGZHONGZHUPIZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-01-1095-048。

AG娱乐网[17]《ZOUBAOZUNZHISHELIDIAOCHAJUBANLISHI》，GONGZHONGZHUPIZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-12-0663-063。

[18]《GUANGDONGDIAOCHAJUBANSHIYUANSIXIANMINGBIAO》，ZHONGGUODIYILISHIDANGANGUANZANGXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUAN，DANGHAO09-01-02-0016-014。

[19]《ZOUWEIZUNSHEHUBEIDIAOCHAJUSHI》，GONGZHONGZHUPIZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-01-1086-056；《ZOUWEIZUNSHEDIAOCHAJUBANLIQINGXINGSHI》，GONGZHONGZHUPIZOUZHE，DANGHAO04-01-01-1095-049。

[20] FUWENSHEBIAN: 《ZUIJINGUANSHENLVLIHUILUDIYIJI》，ZAISHENYUNLONGZHUBIAN《JINDAIZHONGGUOSHILIAOCONGKAN》DI45JI，TAIBEI: TAIWANWENHAICHUBANSHE，1970NIAN，DI122YE。

AG娱乐网[21] WUXINGRANG: 《DIAOCHAJUFAZHIKEDIAOCHASHUXU》，《BEIYANGFAZHENGXUEBAO》DI110QI，1909NIAN8YUE。

[22] WUXINGRANG: 《GESHENGDIAOCHAJUZHANGCHENGSHIYI》，《BEIYANGFAZHENGXUEBAO》DI55QI，1908NIAN3YUE；《DIAOCHAJUFAZHIKEDIAOCHASHUXU》，《BEIYANGFAZHENGXUEBAO》DI113QI，1909NIAN8YUE。

AG娱乐网[23]《GUANGDONGDIAOCHABANSHIXIANGXIZHANGCHENGQINGCE》，XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUAN，DANGHAO09-01-02-0016-013。

[24]《ZHILIDIAOCHAJUXIANGDINGFAZHIKEBANSHIXIZE》，《ZHENGZHIGUANBAO》GUANGXUSANSHISINIANERYUESHIJIURI，DI141HAO；《SHANDONGDIAOCHAJUBANSHIZHANGCHENG》，《SHANDONGDIAOCHAJUGONGDULUYAOCHUBIAN》，JINANRIBAOGUAN，1909NIAN。

[25]《GUANGDONGDIAOCHABANSHIXIANGXIZHANGCHENGQINGCE》，XIANZHENGBIANCHAGUAN，DANGHAO09-01-02-0016-013。

AG娱乐网[26] SUIHONGMINGRENWEIQINGMODEXIGUANDIAOCHABAOGAOFENWEI“ZHONGQIXING”HE“ZHONGJUXING”LIANGLEI，QIZHONG“ZHONGQIXING”DIAOCHABAOGAOYIGUANGDONGDIAOCHAJUCHENGSONGDE“DIAOCHATIAOMU”、“JULIGAOBEN”WEIDAIBIAO。CANJIANSUIHONGMING《QINGMOMINCHUMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZHIYANJIU》，DI53YE。

AG娱乐网[27] GUOJIATUSHUGUANGUJIGUANZANG。SIJUANBEN，FEN“MINQINGFENGSU”、“SHENSHIBANSHIXIGUAN”、“MINSHIXIGUAN”、“SHANGSHIXIGUAN”JI“SUSONGSHIXIGUAN”WUBUFEN。

[28]《SICHUANGUANBAO》DI11-14QI，1909NIAN。

AG娱乐网[29] SHANGHAITUSHUGUANGUJIYUELANSHIZANG。

[30] GUOJIATUSHUGUANGUJIGUANZANG。《HUNANDIAOCHAFUTINGZHOUXIANXINGZHENGSHANGZHIYANXIJILIBIGELEIWENTI》GONGBAOKUOSIBUFENNEIRONG，NEIYETI“DIAOCHAFAZHIKEDISANGUBENSHENGGEFUTINGZHOUXIANXINGZHENGSHANGZHIYANXIJIQILIBIGELEIWENTI”，SHANGKEYOU“BEIJINGTUSHUGUANZANG”DUANZHANGFANGXINGZHUANWENZANGZHANGYIJI“CHENYUANTONGZHIYISHU”ZHANGFANGXINGTIAOZHANG，QIZHONG“SIFAXINGZHENG”DIAOCHAGUIBINGRUDIFANGXINGZHENGYANXIJIQILIBILEI，15YE；“HUNANDIAOCHAJUDIAOCHAMINQINGFENGSUGELEIWENTI”，20YE；“HUNANDIAOCHAJUDIAOCHADIFANGSHENSHIBANSHIGELEIWENTI”，5YE；“HUNANDIAOCHAJUDIAOCHASHANGSHIXIGUANGELEIWENTI”，23YE。YU《HUNANDIAOCHAJUDIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANGELEIWENTI》（HANRENSHIBUYUCAICHANBU）XINGCHENGHUNANDIAOCHAJUJIAOWEIWANZHENGDEDIAOCHAWENTIQINGCEBAOGAOSHU。

[31] LIAONINGSHENGDANGANGUANBIAN: 《ZHONGGUOJINDAISHEHUISHENGHUODANGAN（DONGBEIJUANYI）7》，GUILIN: GUANGXISHIFANDAXUECHUBANSHE，2005NIAN，DI385-481YE。

[32] BAOKUOSHEXIAN、XIUNING、WUYUAN、QIMEN、YIXIANYIJIJIXILIUXIANDEMINQINGXIGUAN、FENGSUXIGUANYIJISHENSHIBANSHIXIGUAN。LIURUJI: 《TAOPIGONGDU》JUAN12，JIANGUANZHENSHUJICHENGBIANZUANWEIYUANHUIBIAN《GUANZHENSHUJICHENG》DI10CE，HEFEI: HUANGSHANSHUSHE，1997NIAN，DI578-625YE。

AG娱乐网[33] RIBENDONGJINGDAXUEDONGYANGWENHUAYANJIUSUOZANG，ZHUANYINZIZHONGCUNZHEFU《XIANGSHENのSHOUになるXIANGSHENDIAOCHAにつぃて》，《SHEHUIJINGJISHIXUE》DI43JUAN6HAO，1978NIAN。

AG娱乐网[34] CHENSISHU，GUOJIATUSHUGUANGUJIGUANZANG。

[35] JIANGZHAOTAOMINRUIDIZHUYIDAOANHUIDIAOCHAJUMINSHIXIGUANDIAOCHABAOGAOSHUSHIANZHAOXIUDINGFALVGUAN《DIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANWENTI》DETIAOLITIAOMUBIANZUANERCHENG，BINGJIANGQIDINGYIWEI“XIUDINGFALVGUANTILITIAOMUXING”，YIQUBIEYU《GUANGXIDIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANBAOGAOSHU》DE“DIAOCHAJUTILITIAOMUXING”YIJISICHUANSHENGDIAOCHAJUDE“FUHEXING”BAOGAOSHU，DUIYUAGYULEWANGJINYIBUBIANMINGXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANYUXIUDINGFALVGUANSHUANGXITONGNEIDEFAZHIXIGUANYOUQISHIMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAZHIBUTONG，TIGONGLEHENHAOYANJIUSILUHESHIJIAO，JUYOUZHONGYAOYIYI。DANJIBIANANHUIDIAOCHAJUMINSHIXIGUANBAOGAOSHUSHIANZHAOXIUDINGFALVGUANDEWENTITIAOMUBIANZHIERCHENG，DANTARENGSHIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANERFEIXIUDINGFALVGUANXITONGDEDIAOCHAYUCHENGGUO，ZHEIYEQIAQIASHUOMINGXIUDINGFALVGUANDUIYUQUANGUODEMINSHIXIGUANDIAOCHAERYANQUESHIQIDAOLEYIDINGCHENGDUDEGUIFANZUOYONG。CANJIANJIANGZHAOTAO《SHIBINGXINGERZHONGHELIU: QINGMODELIANGCIMINSHIXIGUANDIAOCHA》，ZAILIZANZHUBIAN《JINDAIFAPINGLUN》（2009NIANJUAN），DI75-77YE。

[36] PENGJIAN: 《QINGJIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANYANJIU》，DI18YE。

AG娱乐网[37] WUXINGRANGCHUCANYUZHILIDIAOCHAJUFAZHIKEDIAOCHAGUIZHANGDETAOLUN、QICAOZHIWAI，HAIFUZEBIANDINGLEZHILIDIAOCHAJU“MINQINGFENGSU”、“SHISHENBANSHIXIGUAN”“MINSHIXIGUAN”、“SHANGSHIXIGUAN”SIBUFENDEDIAOCHAWENTISHU。《BEIYANGFAZHENGXUEBAO》DI113-140QI，1909NIANZHI1910NIAN。

AG娱乐网[38] WUXINGRANG: 《DIAOCHAJUFAZHIKEDIAOCHASHUXU》，《BEIYANGFAZHENGXUEBAO》DI110QI，1909NIAN8YUE。

[39]《XIUDINGFALVDACHENFABUYOUSHILANGSHENJIABENDENGCHENGXIUDINGFALVGUANBANSHIZHANGCHENGQINGDAN》，LUFUZOUZHE，DANGHAO03-5620-039。

AG娱乐网[40] JISHENJIABENYUGUANGXUSANSHISANNIANBAYUEERSHILIURI（1907NIAN10YUE3RI）HEGUANGXUSANSHISANNIANSHIYIYUEERSHILIURI（1907NIAN12YUE30RI）SHANGZOUDE“DAQINGXINGLVCAOAN”ZONGZEHEFENZE。

[41]《XIUDINGFALVDACHENSHENDENGZOUNIZIYIDIAOCHAZHANGCHENGZHE（FUZHANGCHENG）》，《DONGFANGZAZHI》1908NIANDI5JUANDI8QI。

[42] YOUXUANTONGYUANNIANERYUESHIYIRI《SHENBAO》ZAIWENCHENGZHURUZHEN“JIANGCIQICHENGNANXIA”DIAOCHADONGNANMINQINGFENGSU，YIJIXUANTONGYUANNIANJIUYUEERSHIRIZHURUZHENZHISUZHOUZONGSHANGHUIWENZHONGYOU“QIYUEZHONGHUANXUANJING，DANGJIANGGESHANGHUIJIEQIAQINGXINGBAOGAOXIUDINGFALVDACHEN”YUPANDING。JIAN《FALVGUANPAIYUANDIAOCHADONGNANMINQINGFENGSU》，《SHENBAO》1909NIAN4YUE1RI，DI1ZHANGDI5BAN；《ZHURUZHENCUIBANHAN》，ZAIZHANGKAIYUAN、LIUWANGLING、YEWANZHONGZHUBIAN《SUZHOUSHANGHUIDANGANCONGBIAN（DIYIJI）》，WUHAN: HUAZHONGSHIFANDAXUECHUBANSHE，1991NIAN，DI256YE。

AG娱乐网[43]《FALVGUANDIAOCHAGESHENGSHANGXIGUANTIAOLI》，《DONGFANGZAZHI》1909NIANDI6JUANDI8QI。

AG娱乐网[44]《SUYUANYANJIUSHANGXIGUANWENTI》，《SHENBAO》1909NIAN5YUE22RI，DI2ZHANGDI4BAN。

AG娱乐网[45] MENGSEN: 《XIANZHENGPIAN》，《DONGFANGZAZHI》1909NIANDI6JUANDI4QI。

AG娱乐网[46]《JIYIDIAOCHASHANGXIGUANWENTI》，《SHENBAO》1909NIAN5YUE31RI，DI2ZHANGDI3、4BAN。

AG娱乐网[47] 《ZHURUZHENCUIBANHAN》，《SUZHOUSHANGHUIDANGANCONGBIAN》（DIYIJI），DI256YE。

AG娱乐网[48]《XIUDINGFALVDACHENZOUBIANDINGMINSHANGGELVZHAOZHANGPAIYUANFENSHENGDIAOCHAZHE》，《ZHENGZHIGUANBAO》XUANTONGERNIANZHENGYUEERSHIBARI，DI845HAO。

[49]《FALVGUANTONGXINGDIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANZHANGCHENGWEN（FUZHANGCHENG）》，《DAQINGXUANTONGXINFALING》DI16CE，SHANGHAI: SHANGWUYINSHUGUAN，1911NIAN，DI32YE。

[50]《XIUDINGFALVGUANZOUBIANDINGMINSHANGGELVZHAOZHANGPAIYUANFENSHENGDIAOCHAZHE》，《ZHENGZHIGUANBAO》XUANTONGYUANNIANZHENGYUEERSHIBARI，DI845HAO。

[51]《CHABAOMINSHIXIGUANZHIPICI》，《SHENBAO》1910NIAN10YUE15RI，DI1ZHANGDI3BAN。

AG娱乐网[52]《SHANXIXUNFUENSHOUWEIDIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANQUANXINGBIANJIWANJUNSHIZHIXIUDINGFALVGUANZIWEN》，XIUDINGFALVGUAN，DANGHAO10-00-00-0018-059；《LIANGGUANGZONGDUZHANGMINGQIWEIZISONGGUANGDONGDISANCIMINSHIXIGUANBAOGAOSHUSHIZHIXIUDINGFALVGUANZIWEN》，XIUDINGFALVGUAN，DANGHAO10-00-00-0018-058；《SHANGANZONGDUZHANGGENGWEIZISONGMINSHIXIGUANDAFUCESHIZHIXIUDINGFALVGUANZIWEN》，XIUDINGFALVGUAN，DANGHAO10-00-00-0018-062。

[53] SHANGTIE“CHENGFALVGUAN”HONGTIAO。《JIANGSUSHENGSUSHUDIAOCHAJUCHENGSONGDIERPIMINSHIXIGUANQINGCE》，XIUDINGFALVGUAN，DANGHAO10-00-00-0018-052。

[54]《SICHUANZONGDUZHAOERXUNWEIZISONGCHUANSHENGMINSHANGXIGUANDIYICIBAOGAOSHUSHIZHIXIUDINGFALVGUANZIWEN》，XIUDINGBIANCHAGUAN，DANGHAO10-00-00-0018-050。

[55] JIANGZHAOTAO: 《SHIBINGXINGERZHONGHELIU: QINGMODELIANGCIMINSHIXIGUANDIAOCHA》，ZAILIZANZHUBIAN《JINDAIFAPINGLUN》（2009NIANJUAN），DI64-78YE。

[56] “ZHUZHONGSHIJIEZUIPUBIANZHIFAZE”、“YUANBENHOUCHUZUIJINGQUEZHIFALI”、“QIUZUISHIYUZHONGGUOMINQINGZHIFAZE”YIJI“QIYUGAIJINSHANGZUIYOULIYIZHIFAZE”BEIXIUDINGFALVDACHENYULIANSAN、LIURUOCENGSHIWEIBIANZUAN《DAQINGMINLVCAOAN》DESIDAYAOZHI。《ZOUWEIBIANJIMINLVQIANSANBIANCAOANGAOCHENGJINSHANCHENGCEGONGCHENGYULANSHI》，LUFUZOUZHE，DANGHAO03-9303-018。

[57] ZHANGQIN、MAOLEI: 《QINGMOGESHENGDIAOCHAJUHEXIUDINGFALVGUANDEXIGUANDIAOCHA》，《SHAMENDAXUEXUEBAO（ZHEXUESHEHUIKEXUEBAN）》2005NIANDI6QI，DI90YE。

AG娱乐网[58]《DIAOCHAMINSHIXIGUANZHANGCHENGSHITIAO》，《SHENBAO》1910NIAN4YUE2RI，DI1ZHANGDI1BAN。

[59] CHENYUCONGZUZHIJIEGOU、GONGZUOGUANLIAN、RENYUANPEIBEIDENGFANGMIANKAOCHA，RENWEIXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANYUXIUDINGFALVGUANCUNZAIZHEJIDADEXIANGSIHEJIAOCHAZHICHU，JUYOUCHONGREN“XINZHENGXIANFENG”DE“TONGZHIXING”。CANJIANCHENYU《QINGMOXINZHENGZHONGDEXIUDINGFALVGUAN——ZHONGGUOFALVJINDAIHUADEYIDUANWANGSHI》，DI267-285YE。

[60] JULIZHANGPENGDEYANJIU，ZUIZAOZAIZHONGGUOSHIYONG“DIAOCHA”ZIYANGDESHIRIBENRENTENGTIANFENGBA，QINGMOZHONGGUOZUIZAOCHUXIANDEJIGEDIAOCHAZUZHIJUNSHIYOULIURIXUESHENGZUCHENG。CANJIANLIZHANGPENG《QINGMOZHONGGUOXIANDAISHEHUIDIAOCHAZHAOXINGCHUYI》，《QINGSHIYANJIU》2006NIANDI5QI。

[61] FALVYIYISHANGcustomYICIYU“XIGUAN”DUIYIDEWENHUASHIHENZHIDEYANJIU。JUBIZHECHAKAOSOUJIDAODEZAOQIYINGHAN-HANYINGZIDIAN，CONG1822NIANMALIXUNDE《HUAYINGZIDIAN》DISANBU《YINGHANZIDIAN》，DAO1913NIANDE《SHANGWUYINSHUGUANYINGHUAXINZIDIAN》，DOULIEYOUcustomDETIAOMU，DANJIBENSHANGSHIYI“GUIJU”、“GUANLI”、“FENGSU”DENGDUIYIZHI，“XIGUAN”YICIGENGDUODESHIDUIYIhabit。JUWENXIANCHAKAO，GUANGXUMONIANDEDUFUGUANYUANZOUZHEZHONGYIJINGYOU“DIAOCHAGESHENGMINQINGFENGSU”DEYONGFA，SHENZHIZAIGUANGXUSANSHISANNIANLIUYUECHUJIURIFABUSHANGSHUDAIHONGCIDE《ZOUNIXIUDINGFALVBANFAZHE》ZHONGTEBIETIDAO: “ZHIRUOXIANSHIZHIYUBEI，ZEZAIDIAOCHAXIGUAN，LINSHIZHIZHIXU，ZEZAIFENPEIZHIWU，YISHIZHISHESHI，ZEZAISHIXINGBANFA……”（《QINGMOCHOUBEILIXIANDANGANSHILIAO》XIACE，DI842YE）。

[62]《ZHEYIYUANYOUTONGBODIAOCHAJURENYUANYUANZIGEYI》，《SHENBAO》1910NIAN12YUE27RI，DI1ZHANGDI1BAN。

[63] HANCE、CUIXUESENZHENGLI，WANGXIAOQIUSHENDING: 《WANGRONGBAORIJI》，BEIJING: ZHONGHUASHUJU，2013NIAN，DI40YE。ZHANGRENJUNYUXUANTONGYUANNIANWUYUESHIYIRI（1909NIAN6YUE28RI）DIAOLIANGJIANGZONGDU。SHIRENXIANZHENGBIANCHAGUANBIANZHIJUBIANZHIKEKEYUANDEWANGRONGBAOFENBIEZAIXUANTONGYUANNIANWUYUESHIYIRI（1909NIAN6YUE28RI）YIJIWUYUESHISIRI（7YUE1RI）DERIJIZHONGJIXIAZHANGRENJUNDIAORENYIJIDIANXUNDIAOCHAGUIZHANGDESHIJI，BINGCHENG，“DANGJINGDIANFUYIFALVYUMINGLINGZHIQUBIEJIESHIDANXINGFAJIXINGZHENGGUIZHANGZHIYITONG。XUANYOUZHUNZI，XUNYIJIUZHIYANZHI，HEZHEWEIFA，HEZHEWEILING，QINGBIFUSHIZUN”。

[64]《DIAOCHAJUZHAFAXINSHIWENTI》，《SHENBAO》1910NIAN11YUE14RI，DI1ZHANGDI3BAN。

AG娱乐网[65] JIANGYONG: 《WUSHINIANLAIZHONGGUOZHIFAZHI》，DI7YE，ZAISHENBAOGUANBIAN《ZUIJINZHIWUSHIJI》，SHENBAOGUAN，1923NIAN。

AG娱乐网[66]《GESHENGQUMINSHANGSHIXIGUANDIAOCHABAOGAOWENJIANQINGCE》，《SIFAGONGBAO》1927NIANDI232QI，

[67] YANGLIXINDIANXIAO: 《DAQINGMINLVCAOAN·MINGUOMINLVCAOAN》，ZHANGCHUN: JILINRENMINCHUBANSHE，2002NIAN，DI3YE。

[68] 《中华民国民法》（1929）第1条明文规定: “民事法律所未规定者依习惯，无习惯者依法理。”从而规定了“法律”、“习惯”、“法理”为法之渊源。参见夏勤《论新民法之法源》，《国立中央大学法学院季刊》，第1卷第3期，1931年4月。